在37 C.F.R. § 1.56中明确规定了“Each individual associated with the filing and prosecution of a patent application has a duty of candor and good faith in dealing with the Office, which includes a duty to disclose to the Office all information known to that individual to be material to patentability as defined in this section”。也就是说,与专利申请的递交和权利化相关的每个个人都负有向美国专利局提供他/她已知的与该专利申请的可专利性实质相关的所有信息。
并且,在MPEP §2016中明确规定了“Once a court concludes that inequitable conduct occurred, all the claims __ not just the particular claims in which the inequitable conduct is directly connected __ are unenforceable”。也就是说,违反这一制度不会导致该专利无效,但是会导致该专利不可行使(比无效也好不了太多)。
二、谁负有这样的义务?
(1) Each inventor named in the application; (2) Each attorney or agent who prepares or prosecutes the application; and
(3) Every other person who is substantively involved in the preparation or prosecution of the application and who is associated with the inventor, with the assignee or with anyone to whom there is an obligation to assign the application.
也就是说,至少包括该申请的发明人和代理人。其中,需要特别提醒的是,由于代理人是负有这样的义务的,所以当小伙伴们没有想好要不要交某篇文献时,千万不要发邮件去咨询美国代理人。这样的话,即使您不愿意,美国代理人为了保住自己的资格证,也得交这篇文献。所以呢,真要问,还是打电话吧。
三、这样的义务什么时候结束?
The duty to disclose information exists with respect to each pending claim until
(1) the claim is cancelled or withdrawn from consideration, or
(2) the application becomes abandoned, or
(3) a patent is granted on that application (NOT the application becomes allowed)
尤其注意第(3)点,即使收到notice of allowance,也并不表示IDS的义务结束了,必须要收到issue notification才可以。
四、需要递交什么样的文件?
按照MPEP的规定,需要递交的文件至少包括: 1、 Prior Art Cited in Related Foreign Applications 2、 Information Relating to or From Copending United States Patent Applications 3、 Information From Related Litigation 4、 Information Relating to Claims Copied From a Patent